Hashtag Peace

Scientists at The Ohio State University have produced new evidence of how graphene, when twisted to a precise angle, can become a superconductor. In a study published in the journal Nature, the team reported on their finding of the key role that quantum geometry plays in allowing this twisted graphene to become a superconductor. Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms, and in 2018, scientists discovered that, under the right conditions, graphene could become a superconductor if one piece of graphene were laid on top of another piece and the layers were twisted to a specific angle. This creates twisted bilayer graphene. However, the conventional theory of superconductivity doesn't work in this situation. In a conventional metal, high-speed electrons are responsible for conductivity. But twisted bilayer graphene has a type of electronic structure known as a "flat band" in which the electrons move very slowly—in fact, at a speed that approaches zero if the angle is exactl...

Climate change is one of the most significant challenges facing humanity today, with devastating impacts on people, animals, and the environment. Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, with the Himalayan region being particularly affected. In this context, it is crucial to understand the intersectionality of climate change with gender and its impact on the people of Nepal, especially women. Women in Nepal are often the most affected by the impacts of climate change, as they are disproportionately responsible for household and community-level tasks such as food and water collection, which are affected by climate change. Women are also more likely to live in poverty and have fewer resources and opportunities to adapt to the impacts of climate change. One of the most significant impacts of climate change on women in Nepal is related to agriculture. Women in Nepal are responsible for up to 80% of agricultural work, but their access to resources such as land, water...

OM, also known as  ॐ , is one of the most sacred and important words in Hinduism. It is a syllable that represents the sound of the universe and is believed to be the first sound that was ever heard. In Hinduism, it is considered to be the primordial sound that created the universe and is used in many religious rituals and ceremonies. However, OM is not only significant in Hinduism but also in the field of physics. The sound of OM is believed to have a profound impact on the human body and mind. Its vibration and frequency can resonate with the human body, creating a sense of calmness and relaxation.  In physics, the concept of vibration and frequency is also significant. According to quantum physics, everything in the universe is made up of energy and vibrations. Even the smallest particles in the universe, such as atoms and subatomic particles, vibrate at a certain frequency. The frequency of these particles determines their physical properties, such as their mass and charge...

The land of Gorkhali & the birth place of Buddha , Nepal - As a country that is home to Mount Everest and the Himalayas, Nepal is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. However, Nepal can also play an important role in mitigating and adapting to the effects of climate change.Nepal has significant potential for hydroelectric power, solar power, and wind power. By investing in renewable energy sources, Nepal can reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and decrease its carbon footprint. In a recent statement, Prime Minister K P Sharma Oli announced plans to increase the share of renewable energy in Nepal's energy mix to 30% by 2025.  Nepal is also home to some of the world's most extensive forest areas, which play a vital role in carbon sequestration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By protecting and restoring these forests, Nepal can help mitigate the effects of climate change. The government of Nepal has also implemented programs to reduce deforestation and pr...

Einstein's famous equation E=m*c^2 has been a cornerstone of modern physics for over a century, but its derivation is still a topic of fascination and study. The derivation of E=m*c^2 involves several key concepts from physics, including the principle of conservation of energy and the theory of special relativity. The equation states that the energy E of an object is equal to its mass m times the speed of light squared, c^2. This means that even a small amount of mass can be converted into a vast amount of energy, as demonstrated by nuclear reactions . As it is noticeable, the principle of conservation of energy is a fundamental concept in physics, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.  The article also highlights the importance of the theory of special relativity, which was proposed by Einstein in 1905 and revolutionized our understanding of space and time. The article goes on to describe how Einstein used the equation for relativistic mass to deriv...

  Required libraries to download Siesta-4.1-b4.tar  (Try to download upgrade version) with some package ● lapack-3.8.0.tar.gz ● libgridxc-0.8.4.tar ● Xmlf90-1.5.4.tar.gz ● hdf5-1.8.21.tar.bz2 ● hdf5-1.10.4.tar.gz ● netcdf-c-4.6.1.tar.gz ● netcdf-c-4.6.2.tar.gz ● netcdf-fortran-4.4.4.tar.gz ● zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz Steps to install siesta ●First extract the siesta tar file. ●Then through the terminal go to Obj of siesta folder. (i.e$obj ) ● $sh ../Src/obj_setup.sh ● Type $cp gfortran.make arch.make ● Type ls, then we saw arch.make file inside obj folder of siesta. ● Finally, type $make Then we got siesta executable inside Obj folder which is ready to run. https://youtu.be/EI1vuPfeLPs

Coffee has been a beloved beverage for centuries, and for good reason. Not only does it provide a quick jolt of energy, but it also has numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and liver cancer. But did you know that drinking coffee can also be beneficial for those who are engaged in research? In this article, we will explore how drinking coffee during research can be helpful.  (1). It i ncreased alertness and concentration:   One of the most well-known benefits of coffee is its ability to increase alertness and concentration. This is due to the presence of caffeine, a natural stimulant that blocks the neurotransmitter adenosine, which is responsible for making us feel drowsy. By blocking adenosine, caffeine increases the activity of other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which can improve mood, cognitive function, and reaction time. For researchers, this can be inc...

Quantum computers are an emerging technology that could revolutionize the way we process information and solve complex problems. While still in their early stages, these computers have the potential to transform many fields, including materials science. One area where quantum computers are expected to have a significant impact is in the study of two-dimensional (2D) materials. 2D materials, such as graphene, are made up of a single layer of atoms arranged in a specific pattern. These materials have unique electronic and mechanical properties that make them attractive for a range of applications, including electronics, optoelectronics, and energy storage. However, their properties are complex and governed by the principles of quantum mechanics, which makes them challenging to study using classical computers. Quantum computers, on the other hand, are uniquely suited to simulate the behavior of quantum systems, making them an ideal tool for studying 2D materials.  One potential applic...

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the application of natural language processing (NLP) in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). One language that has garnered particular attention is Sanskrit, an ancient language of the Indian subcontinent that has a rich literary and cultural history. So, why is Sanskrit useful in AI? As, Sanskrit has a well-defined grammar and syntax: One of the challenges in NLP is dealing with the ambiguity and variability of human language. However, Sanskrit has a well-defined grammar and syntax that has been codified in ancient texts such as the Panini's Ashtadhyayi. This makes it an ideal language for developing algorithms and models that can accurately analyze and understand the structure of language. Sanskrit has a large corpus of literature: Sanskrit has a rich literary tradition spanning over several thousand years, with a vast collection of texts covering various subjects such as philosophy, science, mathematics, an...

Physics is the study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces that govern the universe. It is a complex and challenging field that requires a deep understanding of mathematics, scientific principles, and experimental techniques. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool for advancing research in physics, and ChatGPT is one of the most advanced AI models that can help in this regard. ChatGPT is a large language model that has been trained on a vast corpus of text data. This allows it to generate coherent and intelligent responses to a wide range of questions and prompts.  While ChatGPT is not specifically designed for physics research, it can be a valuable resource for physicists in several ways. One of the most significant benefits of using ChatGPT in physics research is its ability to process and analyze large volumes of data quickly and accurately. This can be especially useful for physicists who work with complex data sets, such as those f...

As a language model trained by OpenAI, ChatGPT is an advanced natural language processing system that can help bloggers upgrade their blogs in a number of ways. Whether you're just starting out with your blog or you're an experienced blogger looking to take your content to the next level, ChatGPT can provide valuable insights and assistance that can help you achieve your goals. In this article, we'll explore some of the ways in which ChatGPT can help you upgrade your blog and create content that resonates with your audience.  (1). Generate new content ideas: One of the biggest challenges for bloggers is coming up with new and interesting content ideas that will engage their audience. With ChatGPT, you can easily generate new ideas for blog posts based on keywords or topics that you provide. ChatGPT's powerful language processing capabilities can analyze your input and generate a list of potential topics and ideas that you can use as inspiration for your blog.  (2). Impr...

Graphene is an extremely strong, lightweight, and highly conductive material, but researchers are constantly searching for materials with even better properties. To be considered "better than graphene," a material would need to have a combination of properties that surpasses those of graphene in certain applications. Some properties that researchers are looking for in next-generation materials include: (a). Higher thermal conductivity : Graphene has good thermal conductivity, but some applications require even better heat dissipation.  (b). Improved bandgap : While graphene is an excellent conductor, it has no bandgap, which limits its usefulness in some electronic applications. Researchers are searching for materials with a bandgap that is both large and tunable. (c). Higher electrical conductivity: While graphene has extremely high electrical conductivity, there is always room for improvement. Some researchers are looking for materials with even higher electrical conductiv...

Scientists have made a breakthrough discovery in the world of 2D materials, with the creation of a new family of 2D transition metal carbo-chalcogenides (TMCCs). This new family of materials is a combination of two well-known families of 2D materials - TM carbides (MXenes) and TM dichalcogenides (TMDCs) - at the atomic level. The research, conducted by a team of scientists led by Majed Ahmad, was a multi-disciplinary effort involving experts in material synthesis, electrochemistry, and materials theory. The team was able to successfully obtain single sheets of Nb2S2C and Ta2S2C through a combination of electrochemical lithiation and sonication in water. The parent multilayered TMCCs were synthesized using a simple and scalable solid-state synthesis followed by a topochemical reaction.  The results of the study showed that the delaminated Nb2S2C outperformed both the multilayered Nb2S2C and delaminated NbS2 as an electrode material for Li-ion batteries. The team also observed a supe...

A long-standing mystery in the physics world has been solved, and the outcome is as surprising as an Agatha Christie novel. For a decade, physicists have been puzzled over why the number of particles known as neutrinos produced by nuclear reactors is lower than expected. Some scientists have suggested that the particles could have transformed into unusual and untraceable “sterile” neutrinos.  However, recent results now reveal that theorists simply overestimated the number of neutrinos that a reactor should produce. This resolution was confirmed by physicists working at a small research reactor in France, using a neutrino detector known as STEREO. By studying the antineutrinos produced by the reactor, which is located at the Laue-Langevin Institute, the researchers were able to determine the flux of antineutrinos from uranium-235 alone. The results showed that the spectrum of energy of electron antineutrinos remained constant, putting an end to the notion that some were turning int...

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has made significant advances in the field of physics research, specifically in the area of density functional theory (DFT). DFT is a widely used theoretical approach in physics that studies the electronic structure of materials, allowing researchers to predict properties such as electronic structure, magnetic behavior, and optical properties.  ML has been applied to DFT to numerically implement mappings, relationships, or functions that are difficult to formulate theoretically. This has allowed researchers to bypass heavy calculations required by traditional electronic structure theory and make more accurate predictions of physical or chemical properties by considering electron density. Furthermore, ML schemes treating electron density have shown to have large transferability even with a limited training dataset. This is because the spatial distribution of the density has more information about intrinsic physical principles than scalar quanti...

The condition of Nepali researchers in the field of physics research is improving, but there are still some challenges that need to be addressed. One of the main challenges is a lack of funding for research projects. There is also a shortage of modern research equipment and facilities in Nepal, which can limit the ability of researchers to carry out their work. Additionally, there is a shortage of highly trained physics professionals in Nepal, which can make it difficult for researchers to find the support they need to carry out their work. Despite these challenges, there are some positive developments in the field of physics research in Nepal. For example, the country has established several research institutions and universities that are focused on physics and other scientific fields. These institutions provide researchers with the resources and support they need to carry out their work, and they are helping to build a strong foundation for physics research in Nepal.  Also now th...

In recent years, two-dimensional materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have gained significant attention for their unique properties, including large surface area and high surface sensitivity, as well as their electrical, optical, and electrochemical properties. These properties make TMD a promising platform for biosensing, which is critical for disease prevention and diagnosis in public health.   A research team recently conducted a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art methods used to modulate the properties of TMD and their applications in biosensing. The team found that TMD can serve as an atomically thin platform for energy storage and conversion, photoelectric conversion, catalysis, and biosensing, due to its wide band structure and unusual optical properties. In addition, TMD can be produced in large quantities at a low cost, making it a cost-effective option for biomedical applications. In public health, non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers, such ...

Lithium-ion batteries, or Li-ion batteries, are a type of rechargeable battery that has gained widespread popularity in recent decades due to its high energy density and long cycle life. These batteries are used in a variety of applications, ranging from portable electronics such as smartphones and laptops, to larger-scale applications like electric vehicles.   In this article, we will explore the history, development, and current state of lithium-ion battery technology.The history of lithium-ion batteries can be traced back to the 1970s, when researchers at Exxon Corporation first discovered the potential of lithium as a battery electrode material. However, it wasn't until the early 1990s that the first commercial lithium-ion battery was introduced by Sony Corporation. At the time, these batteries were primarily used in consumer electronics, as they offered a significant improvement over the nickel-cadmium batteries that were commonly used in these devices. In the years that follo...

Figure: Penta-BCN A recent study by researchers Shambhu Bhandari Sharma, Ramchandra Bhatta, Rajendra Adhikari, and Durga Paudya has revealed the intriguing properties of a new ternary pentagonal prototype called pentagonal boron nitrogen carbide (p-BCN). The study, which was performed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, found that p-BCN is a mechanically, thermally, and dynamically stable direct bandgap semiconductor with excellent piezoelectric response.  This new material, composed of B, N, and C atoms, has an almost equivalent atomic size and mass, making it lightweight and benign to the environment. The study found that p-BCN exhibits intrinsic polarization and piezoelectricity, as well as lattice thermal conductivity up to 97.49 at room temperature. Additionally, hydrogenation of the pristine p-BCN changes it from a direct bandgap of 1.70 eV to an indirect bandgap of 4.46 eV. The bandgap of hydrogenated p-BCN is tunable up to 3.26 eV under biaxial strain. ...

A team of scientists from the Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in South Korea and the University of Science and Technology of China have made a groundbreaking discovery in the field of carbon materials. They have successfully synthesized a new form of carbon, named "long-range ordered porous carbon" (LOPC). The team used C60 fullerene (buckyball) powder mixed with α-Li3N as the base material and subjected it to moderate temperatures and pressure. The process resulted in breaking of some of the carbon-carbon bonds in C60 and the formation of new bonds with neighboring C60 molecules, leading to the discovery of LOPC. Characterization of LOPC revealed that it consists of broken C60 cages that are connected with long-range periodicity and maintain their positions in a standard face-centered cubic crystal lattice. Figure: Long-range ordered porous carbons [1] LOPC was found to have a higher degree of electron delocalization ...

An international team of researchers has made a groundbreaking discovery in the field of carbon science. After over 50 years of research, they have finally found a way to mass-produce carbyne, a one-dimensional carbon chain with mechanical properties that surpass all known materials. Carbyne was first discovered in 1885, but its extreme reactivity and instability made it impossible to synthesize until now. The researchers took two layers of graphene, pressed them together, and rolled them into thin, double-walled carbon nanotubes, which protect the carbyne chains from destruction. Their findings were published in the journal Nature Materials.  Figure: 1D-carbon nanowire Before this discovery, the record-holding number of carbon atoms in one continuous chain was 100. The new method has broken this record with an astounding 6,400 atoms and the chain continues to be stable. Furthermore, carbyne's electrical properties increase with its chain length, enabling researchers to experiment ...

An international team of scientists, under the leadership of Professor Puru Jena of Virginia Common- wealth University in Richmond, has made a pioneering discovery in the field of carbon science. The team has uncovered a never-before-seen structural form of carbon known as penta-graphene. This discovery opens up a new chapter in our understanding of the versatility and potential of carbon, one of the building blocks of the universe. This material differs from traditional graphene, consisting of five layers of carbon atoms arranged in a unique pattern. The discovery promises to open up new avenues in the field of materials science, as penta-graphene exhibits distinct electrical and mechanical properties that can potentially be utilized in various applications. This single layer material resembles the Cairo tiling and has been found to be thermally, mechanically and dynamically stable.  Figure: Penta-graphene Professor Puru Jena and his colleagues employed the power of computer model...